【1】A five- year- old boy, Tom can speak three languages.=When he was a five-year-old boy, Tom can speak three languages.备注：a five-year-old boy为名词短语作时间状语。【2】Extremely happy, Tom did not want to go to sleep.=Because he was extremely happy, Tom didn’t want to go to sleep.备注：extremely happy为形容词短语作原因状语。【3】He died young.=He was young when he died.备注：young为形容词作状语，表示谓语动词动作发生时主语所处的一种状态。【4】He died a rich man.=He was a rich man when he died.备注：a rich man为名词短语作状语，表示谓语动词动作发生时主语所处的一种状态。 第一、二、五句中你可以加上